SPM Physics Amali: How to Read a Galvanometer Correctly

👀 Cara Membaca | Reading Technique

✅ Pastikan jarum berada pada sifar sebelum memulakan eksperimen.

✅ Ensure the pointer is at zero before starting the experiment.

✅ Baca skala pada paras mata untuk mengelakkan parallax error.

✅ Read the scale at eye level to avoid parallax error.

✅ Perhatikan arah pesongan jarum sama ada ke kiri (−) atau ke kanan (+).

✅ Observe the direction of needle deflection, whether to the left (−) or right (+).

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❌ Common Mistakes

❌ Hanya merekod magnitud pesongan tanpa menyatakan arah pesongan.

❌ Recording only the magnitude of deflection without mentioning its direction.

❌ Menyambung terminal positif dan negatif secara terbalik.

❌ Reversing the positive and negative terminals.

❌ Menganggap galvanometer digunakan untuk mengukur arus besar seperti ammeter.

❌ Assuming a galvanometer can measure large currents like an ammeter.

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⚠️ Safety / Handling

⚠️ Gunakan hanya untuk arus yang kecil dan lemah.

⚠️ Use only for small currents.

⚠️ Elakkan menyambung terus kepada bekalan voltan tinggi.

⚠️ Avoid connecting directly to a high-voltage power supply.

⚠️ Jangan menggoncang atau menjatuhkan alat kerana jarumnya sangat sensitif.

⚠️ Do not shake or drop the instrument as the pointer mechanism is very delicate.

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🎯 SPM Exam Tip

📌 Jarum terpesong ke kanan (+) menunjukkan arus mengalir dalam satu arah.

📌 Deflection to the right (+) indicates current flowing in one direction.

📌 Jarum terpesong ke kiri (−) menunjukkan arah arus yang bertentangan.

📌 Deflection to the left (−) indicates current flowing in the opposite direction.

📌 Jika tiada pesongan berlaku, tiada arus mengalir dalam litar.

📌 If there is no deflection, no current is flowing in the circuit.

📌 Galvanometer sering digunakan dalam eksperimen induksi elektromagnet, motor elektrik, dan arus teraruh.

📌 Galvanometers are commonly used in electromagnetic induction, electric motor, and induced current experiments.