👀 Cara Membaca | Reading Technique
✅ Pastikan jarum berada pada sifar sebelum memulakan eksperimen.
✅ Ensure the pointer is at zero before starting the experiment.
✅ Baca skala pada paras mata untuk mengelakkan parallax error.
✅ Read the scale at eye level to avoid parallax error.
✅ Perhatikan arah pesongan jarum sama ada ke kiri (−) atau ke kanan (+).
✅ Observe the direction of needle deflection, whether to the left (−) or right (+).
❌ Common Mistakes
❌ Hanya merekod magnitud pesongan tanpa menyatakan arah pesongan.
❌ Recording only the magnitude of deflection without mentioning its direction.
❌ Menyambung terminal positif dan negatif secara terbalik.
❌ Reversing the positive and negative terminals.
❌ Menganggap galvanometer digunakan untuk mengukur arus besar seperti ammeter.
❌ Assuming a galvanometer can measure large currents like an ammeter.
⚠️ Safety / Handling
⚠️ Gunakan hanya untuk arus yang kecil dan lemah.
⚠️ Use only for small currents.
⚠️ Elakkan menyambung terus kepada bekalan voltan tinggi.
⚠️ Avoid connecting directly to a high-voltage power supply.
⚠️ Jangan menggoncang atau menjatuhkan alat kerana jarumnya sangat sensitif.
⚠️ Do not shake or drop the instrument as the pointer mechanism is very delicate.
🎯 SPM Exam Tip
📌 Jarum terpesong ke kanan (+) menunjukkan arus mengalir dalam satu arah.
📌 Deflection to the right (+) indicates current flowing in one direction.
📌 Jarum terpesong ke kiri (−) menunjukkan arah arus yang bertentangan.
📌 Deflection to the left (−) indicates current flowing in the opposite direction.
📌 Jika tiada pesongan berlaku, tiada arus mengalir dalam litar.
📌 If there is no deflection, no current is flowing in the circuit.
📌 Galvanometer sering digunakan dalam eksperimen induksi elektromagnet, motor elektrik, dan arus teraruh.
📌 Galvanometers are commonly used in electromagnetic induction, electric motor, and induced current experiments.
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