Analisis Kertas Fizik SPM 2021-2023

Say It Right: Precise Language for SPM Physics Success (Precision in Heat Terminology)

 

Terms to Avoid in topic Heat and Suggested Alternatives:

1.      "Easily":

Reason: This term is subjective and lacks precision.

Alternative: Be specific about what is easy. For example, "copper conducts heat efficiently" instead of "copper easily conducts heat".

2.      "Good conductor" or "Bad conductor":

Reason: While not incorrect, these terms are non-specific.

Alternative: Use "high thermal conductivity" or "low thermal conductivity" to provide quantitative context.

3.      "Hot" or "Cold";

Reason: These terms are relative and imprecise.

Alternative: Use specific temperatures or describe the thermal state more precisely, e.g., "at a high temperature of 100°C"//

4.      "Heat goes into" or "Heat comes out" Sec B, Q9(SPM 2017)::

Reason: These phrases are too simplistic and lack technical detail.

Alternative: Use "heat is transferred to" ,"heat is conducted away from", "reduce heat

transfer".

5.      "Heats up quickly" or "Cools down slowly", Sec B, Q9(SPM 2017) & Sec C, Q11(SPM 2022):

Reason: These terms are imprecise without context.

Alternative: Use terms like "has a low specific heat capacity" or "has a high specific

heat capacity".

6.      "Keeps heat in" or "Lets heat out", Sec C, Q11(SPM 2022):

Reason: These phrases are not technically descriptive.

Alternative: Use "acts as an insulator" // "acts as a conductor"//poor heat conductor.

7.      "Easily heated" or "Hard to heat":

Reason: These terms are too subjective.

Alternative: Use "low specific heat capacity" or "high specific heat capacity".  

8.      “Not easily hot” Sec C, Q11(SPM 2022):

            Reason: These terms are too subjective.

Alternative: Use low thermal conductivity, or slow to absorb heat. 

9.     More air in or More air out, Sec C, Q11(SPM 2022):

           Reason: The phrase "more air in" or "more air out" is vague and does not specify the mechanism or effectiveness of the air movement.

           Alternative: Effective air circulation, Efficient air exchange or Optimal ventilation

1   Heat Resistance

           Reason: Rarely used in scientific literature because of its ambiguity.

           Alternative: Thermal Insulation

           Example: "The material provides excellent thermal insulation, reducing heat transfer."

           Alternative: High Thermal Resistivity

           Example: "Materials with high thermal resistivity are ideal for minimizing heat transfer."

1.     Heat not trapped

        Reason: This phrase is vague and doesn't specify the mechanism by which heat is managed. It could imply a general idea that heat is not being retained, but it lacks detail.

          Alternative: efficient heat dissipation or effective heat escape.

Examples of materials and their common physical properties that frequently appear in SPM physics exams:

A.    A. Good insulators.

Here are some examples of insulated materials commonly found in SPM physics exams, along with their key physical properties:

a.                         Wood: Sec C, Q11(SPM 2022)

Poor thermal conductor & Low thermal conductivity

b.                        Plastic (e.g. PVC, polystyrene): Sec B, Q9(SPM 2017)

Poor thermal conductor, low thermal conductivity & lightweight

c.                         Glass: Sec B, Q9(SPM 2015)

Poor thermal conductor, Low thermal conductivity & can withstand high temperatures

d.                         Concrete: Sec C, Q11(SPM 2022)

Moderate thermal conductor, moderate thermal conductivity, durable and long-lasting

e.                          Fiberglass:

Poor thermal conductor, low thermal conductivity and lightweight

f.                           Ceramic (e.g. clay): Sec C, Q11(SPM 2022)

            Poor thermal conductor, low thermal conductivity & high melting point.

g.                          Rubber: Poor thermal conductor, low thermal conductivity, flexible and elastic.

 

A.    B. Good heat conductor

In In SPM Physics exams, materials that are good heat conductors are often tested along with their key physical properties. Here are some examples:

a.                         Copper (Cu):

High thermal conductivity, Good electrical conductivity & high melting point.

b.                         Aluminium (Al)

High thermal conductivity, Lightweight & Good electrical conductivity

c.                         Iron (Fe) Sec C, Q11(SPM 2017)

Moderate thermal conductivity, strong and durable and high melting point.

a.                         Steel : Sec C, Q11(SPM 2017)

Corrosion-resistant (depending on alloy composition),High melting point (varies with

alloy composition)

A.    C. Low Resistance Material

a.               Copper Sec A, Q7(SPM 2014), Sec B, Q10(SPM 2015)

High Conductivity, good thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance & low resistance.

b.              Aluminum

Good electrical conductivity, light weight and corrosion resistance

c.               Tungsten  Sec B, Q10(SPM 2017)

Good electrical conductivity, high melting point and dense.

A.    D. High Resistance Material

a.              Nichrome  Sec B, Q10(SPM 2014),Sec B, Q10(SPM 2017) & Sec A, Q8(SPM 2018)

High electrical resistance, high melting point and corrosion resistance.

is the most common resistance wire for heating purposes

b.              Constantan  Sec A, Q8(SPM 2018)

High electrical resistance, temperature stability and corrosion resistance.